Identity

The collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which a thing is definitively recognizable or

known

The quality or condition of being the same as something else

It is also the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity

Eg.: I can ''lose'' may identity if I join the army

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_(social_science)

Affordance

Affordances

It is a quality of an object, or an environment, that allows an individual to perform an action

The term is used in a variety of fields: perceptual psychology, cognitive psychology, environmental psychology, industrial design, human–computer interaction (HCI), interaction design and artificial intelligence

If you see a bench, you might think to sit down on it, or to lie down on it

Some doors have a panel on one side, and a handle on the other

If you see the panel, you think to push it

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Affordances

www.communitywiki.org/en/WhatIsAffordance

Learning Strategies

Learning Strategies

It is the process in which we determine the approach for achieving the learning objectives

Learning strategies are also tools and techniques that learners develop as they learn how to better achieve their teaching goals

They determine the approach for achieving the learning objectives and they are included in the pre-instructional activities, information presentation, learner activities, testing, and follow-through

Learning strategies are an important part of developing students autonomy

Norland, Deborah L. and Pruett-Said, Terry. A kaleidoscope of models and strategies for teaching English to speakers of other languages. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 2006

http://www.newhorizons.org/neuro/neu_review_bransford.htm

Community of Practice

Community of Practice (CoP), according to cognitive anthropologists Jean Lave and Etienne

Wenger, is a term that describes a group of people who share an interest, a craft, and/or a profession

Members are involved in a set of relationships over time and communities develop around things that matter to people

Social capital is one of the gains that society acquire

Through informal connections and in the formal process of sharing their expertise, learning from others, and participating in the group, members are said to be acquiring social capital

http://books.google.com.br/books?id=heBZpgYUKdAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=community

+of+practice&source=bl&ots=kcrh-teA-m&sig=-SryuwTnRN5swKV3fEEfjWdmUck&hl=pt-BR&ei=xpcmTPmlOMmMuAfF6Ji5Ag&sa=X&oi=book_

result&ct=result&resnum=13&ved=0CFUQ6AEwDA#v=

onepage&q=

community%20of%20practice&f=false

http://www.infed.org/biblio/communities_of_practice.htm

English for Specific Purposes

English for Especific Purposes

The ESP term refers to the teaching of a specific English for students according to their careers,

goals or fields of study

Examples: Business & Management, Hotel & Catering English or Academic

More and more people are using English in a growing number of occupational contexts

Students are starting to learn and therefore master general English at a younger age, and so move on to ESP at an earlier age

http://www.usingenglish.com/teachers/articles/teaching-english-for-specific-purposes-esp.html

http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/transform/teachers/specialist-areas/

english-specific-purposes/articles-journals-books

http://books.google.com.br/booksid=7OvEeiyxNgEC&printsec=

frontcover&dq=english+for+specific+purposes&source=bl&ots=T8Gvl-hpKD&sig=_LR8tfAUhFWhsHhUFviD7n3lKs&hl=ptBR&ei=

k5MmTOKlF8uFuAfK44yoAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=

result&resnum=10&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCQ#v=on

epage&q&f=false

The Lexical Approach

The Lexical Approach is a method of teaching foreign languages developed by M. Lewis in the 1990s

The basic concept on which this approach rests is the idea that an important part of learning a language consists of being able to understand and produce lexical phrases as chunks

This method, just like all the others, has its own particularities

The development of learners' proficiency with lexis, or words and word combinations is a very functional strategy and should be combined with other strategies

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D. Techniques and principles in language teaching. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. (only for Total Physical Response)

RICHARDS, J. ; RODGERS, T. Approaches and methods in Language teaching. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1986

Communicative Approach

Communicative Approach

The communicative approach is based on the idea that learning language successfully comes through having to communicate real meaning

When learners are involved in real communication, their natural strategies for language acquisition will be used, and this will allow them to learn to use the language

This method contributes to the improvement of students speaking skill and makes English lessons more real

Language is a set of communicative tools, not only grammar, vocabulary and phonology alone

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D. Techniques and principles in language teaching. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. (only for Total Physical Response)

RICHARDS, J. ; RODGERS, T. Approaches and methods in Language teaching. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1986

Norland, Deborah L. and Pruett-Said, Terry. A kaleidoscope of models and strategies for teaching English to speakers of other languages. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 2006